The Laboratory incorporates an eddy
covariance flux measuring station. This station was incorporated as part
of the EU projects: SREMP, EXAMINE and MEDFLUX between 1993-1998.
The flux station is located at the
Campus of Montegancedo (in the surrounding area of the Computer Science
School). The station includes a sonic anemometer, a fast response ozone
sonde, slow response sensors for ozone, sulphur dioxide and nitroge oxides
(NO + NO2). A software system to control automatically the gathering of
data at two levels (usually at 0.35 and 5.35 m in height) is also incorporated
to the system. Slow response sensors for temperature, global solar radiation
and humidity are also incorporated. The station includes also a so-called
AMANDA system which is a gradient denuder system to measure gas fluxes
(vertical) which was developed in the ECN (The Netherlands). We use theAMANDA
system for measuring NH3 fluxes. The system is partially being incorporated
to the WWW (see Data
Acquisition Software).
The Flux Station has been used to
monitor different air pollutants in the Madrid area. It is also fundamental
for initializing and running the Air Quality Models. The Flux Station has
also been used to parameterize the different Deposition models which are
used in the modelling activites. The deposition models are critical modules
in such applications since they account for the removal of pollutants from
the atmosphere to the soil.
The modelling activities are focused
on developing software tools which are capable to prognostic and diagnostic
the air quality in urban, regional, national, continental and global domains.
These applications cover a wide number of applications. From simple Gaussian
models which are generally used for regulatory purposes to complex Eulerian
three dimensional mesoscale applications which are managing the air quality
of large urban areas (industrial, traffic, natural emissions are incorporated).
The Laboratory has developed friendly
software tools for controling the impact of many sources: IMW, A visual
basic application for modelling the industrial impact (based on the EPA
ISCT3); EMMA, a complex operational model for large urban areas, it includes
a sophisticated three dimensional mesoscale meteorological mdel REMEST
(based on MEMO and MM5) and a implict numerical solver for chemistry CHEMA
(based on SMVGEAR technique) (see Laboratory
Projects).
Additional information can be obtained
in the following links:
The Laboratory has an operational version of the ANA model
which is called EMMA
This version is developed under the EMMA project of the DGXIII of the EC.
The EMMAoperational
model includes the EMMA-R
part
which forecasts the primary and secondary pollutants on the region where
the urban area is included and the EMMA-Uversion
which includes a high spatial and temporal resolution model for the urban
area. Both models are running simultaneously. The EMMA-U
model
requires the information from the EMMA-R.
This version of EMMAis
the so-called the nested
EMMA model.
A test version of the EMMA model
is currently being used by the Madrid Community in a test mode.
Click here to go to
the research and academic projects area.
he
Laboratory has been involved in different DGXII projects which include
complex and extensive field
campaigns. These campaigns have been carried out in the Madrid Community
and they focused on the determination of the SO2, NOx, NH3 and O3 deposition
fluxes. The NH3 Amanda gradient system allows the determination of bi-directional
net emission/deposition fluxes. The O3 fast ozone sonde and the sonic anemometer
allows to measure directly the eddy correlation fluxes. The rest of the
instrumentation
applies the indirect gradient method for measuring the net deposition fluxes.
