SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF A BIOGENIC EMISSION MODEL:

BIOEMI 2.0

GRADUATION PROJECT FOR MONICA ROLLAN GALINDO
(November, 1998)






NATURAL POLLUTANS UNDER STUDY:

BIOGENIC EMISSION METHODOLOGIES

BIOEMI 1.0:

ISOPRENE ALGORITHM (Guenther et al., 1993):

Shows the influence of the PAR and the temperature in the isoprene emissions:

where CL is the light dependency:

and CT is the temperature dependency:

 MONOTERPENES ALGORITHM (Guenther et al., 1993)

Shows the influence of the temperature in these emissions:

where,
where,

T is the ambient temperature in ºK

b is 0,09

TS is 303ºK, the medition standar temperature

 NOx ALGORITHM (Guenther et al., 1993)

The NOx emission depends on the temperature:

where C y TS takes their values depending on the land use: BIOEMI 2.0:

ISOPRENE ALGORITHM (Guenther et al., 1993):

It is the same algorithm implemented in BIOEMI 1.0 and shown before. MONOTERPENES ALGORITHM (Steinbrecher et al., 1997):

Monoterpene emissions depends not only of the temperature but de PAR. Adds a new factor to the Guenther algorithm that shows this dependency.

where,






NOx ALGORITHM (Yienger et al., 1995):

Adds new parameters:

More sensitivity with the land use type (more emission factors)

where,

¦ w/d(Tsoil, Aw/d(biomass)) is a fuction that can be constant, lineal or exponential Aw/d(biomass) is the biomass coeficient

Tsuelo is the soil temperature

P(precipitation) is a factor used to adjust the emissions when the soil "pulses"

CR(LAI,SAI) is the canopy reduction factor, due to the reabsorbation by the plants of part of the emissions

w/d wet or dry
 
 

LAND USE MAPS

We use three different maps of the same area, the Comunity of Madrid, for studing the sensibility of the modell to the land use map.

For studing the influence of the resolution of the map in the data results, we have also simplified the INFOCARTO map (30 m.), and two new maps have been obtained from the original, one of 250 m. and another of 1400 m.

REMO MAP

SOURCE: Environmental Software and Modelling Group. LANDSAT-V 1984 image

RESOLUTION: 250 m.

These are the land use types observed in this map:
      1. Decidious forest
      2. Perennial forest
      3. Mixed forest
      4. Olive
      5. Garden
      6. Bush
      7. Pasture
      8. Vineyard
      9. Fruit
      10. No vegetation
      11. Rice
      12. Water
      13. Urban
      14. Suburban
CORINE MAP SOURCE: Fraunhofer Institut fuer Atmosphaerische Umwltforschung (IFU), Garmisch - Partenkirchen in TFS-Proyect A6 (Dr. Gerhard Smiatek)

RESOLUTION: 1500 m

The land use types of this map are:
      1. Decidious forest
      2. Perennial forest
      3. Mixed forest
      4. Marsh or Wetland
      5. Agriculture
      6. Pasture
      7. No vegetation
      8. Tundra
      9. Ice
      10. Tropical/subtropical forest
      11. Scrub/herbaceous vegetation
      12. Water
      13. Urban
INFOCARTO MAP SOURCE: INFOCARTO, S,A. LANDSAT-V, IRS-1C, 1997

RESOLUTION: 30 m.

The land use types shown in this map are:
      1. Decidious forest
      2. Perennial forest
      3. Mixed forest
      4. Wet agriculture
      5. Dry Agriculture
      6. Dry Agriculture
      7. Pasture
      8. No vegetation
      9. Erial
      10. Bush
      11. Water
      12. Urban
      13. Mosaic of natural vegetation and agriculture
RESULTS

COMPARISON BETWEEN BIOEMI 1.0 AND BIOEMI 2.0 ALGORITHMS FOR NOx AND MONOTERPENES:

NOx:

Seasonal Emission Patterns:
 
 

WINTER

SUMMER

SUMMER WITH MAXIMUM PULSE






MONOTERPENES

Seasonal Emission Patterns:

WINTER

SUMMER






RESULTS COMPARISON USING DIFFERENT MAPS:

EACH MAP SHOWS DIFFERENT RESULTS FOR ALL THE BIOGENIC POLLUTANS STUDIED, BECAUSE OF THE PERCENT OF EACH LAND USE TYPE THEY HAVE LAND USE MAP RESOLUTION SENSITIVITY - Little diferences between 30 m and 250 m results

- Big diferences between 30 m and 250 m results

- Diferences increases with PAR and temperature
 
 

WINTER, 30 m AND 1400 m MAPS
 
 

WINTER, 30 m AND 250 m MAPS

SUMMER, 30 m AND 1400 m MAPS

SUMMER, 30 m AND 250 m MAPS






RESULTS VALIDATION USING GEIA INVENTORIES
 
 

BIOEMI 2.0, REMO MAP

BIOEMI 2.0, INFOCARTO MAP.
BIOEMI 1.0, REMO MAP
BIOEMI 2.0, INFOCARTO MAP.

BIOEMI 1.0, REMO MAP






WHAT IS GEIA?
 
 

GEIA (Global Emission Inventory Activity)

GEIA is a component of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Project.

1 x 1 degree resolution

Data:

 http://blueskies.sprl.umich.edu/geia POLLUTANTS SURFACE DISTRIBUTION:

Monoterpenes and isoprene are emitted in the norh of the study area, where we can find the forest land use type, while NOx are emitted in the south, where the agriculture land is distributed:
 
 

CONCLUSIONS

PRINCIPAL BIOGENIC POLLUTANTS

BIOEMI 2.0 IMPROVEMENTS RESOLUTION SENSITIVITY These differences depends on the land uses that desapear when simplifing the map (land uses with little percent of apareance or very disperse tends to desapear with higher resolution). LAND USE MAP SUGESTED RESOLUTION FOR THE STUDY AREA:
  1. CELL SIZE < 250 m => NO SIGNIFICATIVE CHANGES
  2. CELL SIZE > 1400 m => SIGNIFICATIVE CHANGES IN ISOPRENE AND MONOTERPENES EMISSIONS.
  3. CELL SIZE > 1400 m => GREATE CHANGES IN NOx EMISSIONS.
  4. BIG RESOLUTION => GREAT USE OF RESOURCES (TIME AND SPACE).
Because of these results, we estimate that the optimal cellsize for the study area is 250 m, that gives quite good results, and expends much less resources.
 
 

LAND USE MAP SENSITIVITY

MODEL VALIDATION